THE TURKEY STORY:
The turkey has graced holiday tables since the days of the Pilgrims. A Thanksgiving dinner wouldn’t be complete to most of us without the delectable golden brown with its gravy and dressing.
This bird has become big business and a year-round bestseller. Over 100 million a year are raised for their meat, about 170 times the estimated population of wild turkeys. Most of the turkeys are raised on big corporation turkey ranches because it has become economically unfeasible for the small rancher to survive.
Turkey ranchers differ somewhat in their methods of production and the selection of antibiotics and medicines to be used. Their first consideration is the approach, which will yield the biggest and most healthy bird with the least investment. Only in this way can the venture be profitable. Some ranchers report as little as 5 cents profit per bird, so production costs must be kept at a minimum.
Fortunately, birds of high quality are available. As with so many foods, knowing the source is the key.
Consider for a moment all the various things that happen to turkeys before they reach our table.
The first step in raising turkeys is the breeder ranch where several thousand hens are kept strictly for the purpose of laying the eggs.
The hens are artificially inseminated every 2 weeks. This process is used because it increases the fertility rate and also because present day birds are so large, that mating is difficult and hazardous.
After the eggs are laid, they are carefully graded according to weight and sent on to the hatchery. Here they are put into incubators for the 30-days which is necessary to hatch them.
The 1-day-old babies are sent on to the breeder ranch for a growth period of 7 to 8 weeks.
From here they are ready to go to the processing plant, they are 21-28 weeks old.
While this procedure is quite standard, the differences arise in the antibiotics that are added to the feeds and the antibiotic injections that are given.
Turkeys are very susceptible to disease. For this reason, many turkey ranchers add antibiotics to the feed just as a routine precaution, and give additional injections if diseases strike.
The main antibiotics added to the feed are Terramycin, Aureomycin and bacitracin.
For a continuous feeding program, they are allowed 20 grams per ton. Larger amounts are allowed for short periods of time to combat disease.
Feeds containing these antibiotics are used by most ranchers. However, a few still-existing smaller ranchers try to raise the turkeys without the continuous antibiotic use.
Disease prevention and control is not the only reason for the use of the antibiotics. Scientists have discovered that animals grow faster when they are fed antibiotics along with their meals, so, many of the ranchers use feeds that have the added antibiotics as much for a growth stimulant as for a disease prevention.
Since the amount which can be added into the feed is limited by Government regulations, ranchers often counter the disease through the use of injections if the turkeys contract a disease.
The rancher is allowed to administer antibiotics directly to the birds and is expected to abide by the regulations as labeled on the container. Right – trust the farmer who is now a doctor!
Herein seems to lie the biggest problem in the turkey industry.
While an effort has been made to establish safety limits for the use of the drugs, there is not an adequate inspection. One might conclude that we must place the ranchers on the “Honor System” where antibiotic injections are concerned.
Periodic checks are made of course, but it would be impossible to completely police the use of the drugs. The specifications on the containers indicate how much time must lapse after giving the injections before the turkey can be put on the consumer market.
Some ranchers inject the birds only if disease is a problem, other ranchers inject the birds as a matter of course at every stage of the growth period.
The turkey feed is planned carefully for nutritional content. As one grower quipped,
“I watch my turkeys’ diet more closely than my own.”
The poults in their first week are fed a pre-starter feed which contains 28% protein. The formula is changed 6 times during the growth process from the pre-starter feed to the fattening mash. Always, prime consideration is given to the nutritional value of the feed. Turkey ranchers know that healthy, un-diseased birds are the only ones they can be sure to sell.
After the birds are sent to the poultry processing plant, they are inspected by Federal inspectors. If the inspection is done carefully, turkeys that are diseased or that have had antibiotics administered too near marketing time can be spotted.
The turkeys are opened up so the inspector can inspect the entrails as well as the turkey. In this way, most diseases can be quickly spotted. If there are enough inspectors, to inspect!
The Federal processing plants I checked with use no preservatives in their processing. Any turkey that has been preserved will be labeled as such. If they’re not labeled, they have been killed, inspected, chilled and sold as fresh birds, or frozen and sold as frozen.
The only question one might raise in regard to the raising and processing of turkeys is in the use of the drugs. Since every turkey sold for meat can’t be first sent to a lab for analysis, it’s a matter of obvious concern.
Check your source and find a turkey rancher who limits the use of antibiotics to the pre-starter feed. This is given for just the first week of the turkey’s life and should leave no traces in the meat of the bird.
Better yet, you may be fortunate enough to locate a rancher who specializes in organically raised birds which will be fed carefully, and NOT be given antibiotics at all. That would assure a happy holiday dinner and further help prevent human reactions.
Purchasing antibiotic and hormone free turkeys are available at most larger grocery chains or you may go to any Kosher butcher and be assured that you are getting a safe turkey.
I guess this isn’t the happiest news you’ve received today, but I feel responsible to keep you aware of what’s going on in the health industry, and, turkey can be a great food, that is, if it’s organic, otherwise, you take your chances. All aside, make this a special time with those you love.
This is the season when we meet up, happily, or unhappily with family – so, plan for events properly – watch the junk – drink lots of clean water – get your rest – and realize that what is important is that you made it to another day to be thankful. My love to you all!
Dr. Rhonda
Temporary website: www.drhenry.com
Email inquiries: contact@drhenry.com
Las Vegas Office: 702-269-8120 for appointment, or….
http://www.drhenry.com.
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